Keluarga Sakinah sebagai Fondasi Stabilitas Keuangan Rumah Tangga: Perspektif Hadis dan Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37397/al-majaalis.v13i2.1406Kata Kunci:
Keluarga Sakinah, Stabilitas Keuangan Rumah Tangga, Hadis, Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ahAbstrak
Ketidakstabilan keuangan rumah tangga secara empiris telah terbukti menjadi salah satu penyebab utama perceraian di Indonesia (BPS, 2023). Namun demikian, kajian akademik mengenai konsep keluarga sakīnah belum secara memadai mengintegrasikan secara simultan dan aplikatif konsep keluarga sakīnah, stabilitas keuangan rumah tangga, korpus hadis, serta maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif melalui studi kepustakaan (library research) dengan memanfaatkan sumber-sumber sekunder yang dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif-analitis. Kerangka teoretis penelitian ini bertumpu pada Family Resource Management Theory yang dikemukakan oleh Ruth E. Deacon dan Francille M. Firebaugh, serta pada teori maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam perspektif maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah, keluarga sakīnah dan stabilitas keuangan rumah tangga memiliki hubungan yang bersifat sirkular dan saling menguatkan melalui pemeliharaan secara simultan terhadap lima unsur ḍarūriyyāt, yaitu ḥifẓ al-nasl, ḥifẓ al-māl, ḥifẓ al-nafs, ḥifẓ al-‘aql, dan ḥifẓ al-dīn. Dengan demikian, sakīnah tidak semata-mata merupakan aspirasi spiritual, melainkan suatu realitas yang terwujud ketika keuangan rumah tangga dikelola dengan kesadaran maqāṣidī secara utuh. Temuan ini juga diperkuat oleh empat lapisan normatif hadis, yaitu kewajiban memberikan nafkah sesuai dengan prinsip ma‘rūf (hadis riwayat Jābir), prioritas nafkah keluarga sebagai kewajiban individual (farḍ ‘ayn) (hadis riwayat Abū Hurairah), transformasi motivasional konsep iḥtisāb dalam pengeluaran keuangan (hadis riwayat Abū Mas‘ūd al-Badrī), serta struktur sistem manajemen ganda yang berlandaskan prinsip tanggung jawab (mas’ūliyyah) (hadis riwayat Ibn ‘Umar). Ketika prinsip-prinsip tersebut dioperasionalkan secara sinergis, semuanya akan menghasilkan suatu ekosistem pengelolaan keuangan rumah tangga yang terstruktur, bermakna, dan berkelanjutan.
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