MEDIA CONSTRUCTION OF PUBLIC SCHOOLS AS INSTRUMENTS OF SOCIAL WELFARE: A NATIONAL ONLINE MEDIA FRAMING ANALYSIS

Mohammad Sofyan

doi:10.37397/hdc.v1i1.1335

Authors

Mohammad Sofyan Universitas Merdeka Madiun

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37397/hdc.v1i1.1335

Keywords:

People's School; social welfare policy; media framing; poverty alleviation; education

Abstract

Sekolah Rakyat has emerged in policy discourse and national online media coverage as an alternative approach associated with efforts to enhance social welfare. This study aims to analyze how Sekolah Rakyat is constructed as a social welfare instrument within policy narratives and the framing of national online media. Employing a qualitative approach, the study utilizes secondary data consisting of public policy documents and national online media articles. A total of 25 news articles published between January 2025 and January 2026 from CNN Indonesia, Kompas.com, Antara News, Tempo.co, and Metro TV News were analyzed using qualitative content analysis and thematic analysis. The findings indicate that Sekolah Rakyat is predominantly framed as a policy instrument that integrates education with poverty alleviation, equitable access to education, and human development agendas. Mainstream media tend to present affirmative framing that emphasizes the state’s commitment to protecting poor and vulnerable groups through education, while some media adopt a more critical perspective by highlighting challenges related to implementation and program sustainability. Comparison with policy documents reveals differences in emphasis, as policies are articulated in a more technocratic and normative manner, whereas media narratives are more dynamic in shaping public meaning. This study highlights the strategic role of national online media in shaping public perceptions and legitimizing Sekolah Rakyat as a social welfare instrument.

References

antaranews. (2026, Januari 13). East Java leads Sekolah Rakyat program rollout with 26 schools. From antaranews.com: https://en.antaranews.com/news/399613/east-java-leads-sekolah-rakyat-program-rollout-with-26-schools

antaranews. (2026, Januari 12). Sekolah Rakyat to break cycle of poverty: Social Minister. From antaranews.com: https://en.antaranews.com/news/399453/sekolah-rakyat-to-break-cycle-of-poverty-social-minister

antaranews.com. (2025, Desember 5). Pembangunan Sekolah Rakyat tahap II. From www.antaranews.com: https://www.antaranews.com/infografik/5287270/pembangunan-sekolah-rakyat-tahap-ii

Aurel, S., & Naomi, L. (2025, September 8). Evaluasi Sekolah Rakyat: Catatan Kritis, Harapan, dan Tantangan. From kbr.id: https://kbr.id/articles/ragam/evaluasi-sekolah-rakyat-catatan-kritis-harapan-dan-tantangan#google_vignette

bappenas.go.id. (2019, Agustus 14). RENCANA PEMBANGUNAN JANGKA MENENGAH NASIONAL 2020-2024. From perpustakaan.bappenas.go.id: https://perpustakaan.bappenas.go.id/e-library/file_upload/koleksi/migrasi-data-publikasi/file/RP_RKP/Narasi%20RPJMN%20IV%202020-2024_Revisi%2014%20Agustus%202019.pdf

bbc.com. (2025, Juli 14). Sekolah Rakyat dimulai 14 Juli – 'Sekolah untuk bangun peradaban, tapi membuatnya gegabah dan minim kajian'. From www.bbc.com: https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/articles/czrye5n5gr8o

Bowen, G. A. (2009). Document Analysis as a Qualitative Research Method. Qualitative Research Journal(9), 27-40. doi:10.3316/QRJ0902027

bpk.go.id. (2025, Maret 27). Instruksi Presiden (Inpres) Nomor 8 Tahun 2025 tentang Optimalisasi Pelaksanaan Pengentasan Kemiskinan dan Penghapusan Kemiskinan Ekstrem. From peraturan.bpk.go.id: https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/316745/inpres-no-8-tahun-2025

Braun, V., & Clark, V. (2006). Using Thematic Analysis in Psychology. (3), 77-101. doi:10.1191/1478088706qp063oa

Budiono, E. (2025, September 3). Kemensos: Sekolah Rakyat Berikan Dampak Positif bagi Siswa dan Orang Tua. From infopublik.id: https://infopublik.id/kategori/prioritas-nasional-2026/936193/kemensos-sekolah-rakyat-berikan-dampak-positif-bagi-siswa-dan-orang-tua

cnnindonesia. (2026, Januari 12). Prabowo Resmikan 166 Sekolah Rakyat. From www.cnnindonesia.com: https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20260112131751-20-1316096/prabowo-resmikan-166-sekolah-rakyat?utm_source=chatgpt.com

cnnindonesia.com. (2026, Januari 13). Target Prabowo: Bangun 500 Sekolah Rakyat hingga 2029. From www.cnnindonesia.com: https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20260112142405-20-1316135/target-prabowo-bangun-500-sekolah-rakyat-hingga-2029

Creswell, J. W. (2019). Research Design Pendekatan Metode Kualitatif, Kuantitatif dan. Campuran. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.

Entman, R. M. (1993). Framing: Toward Clarification of a Fractured Paradigm. Journal of Communication, 43(4), 51-58. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1993.tb01304.x

Hakim, A. (2025, November 25). Sekolah Rakyat dan jalan keluar kemiskinan. From /www.antaranews.com: https://www.antaranews.com/berita/5264173/sekolah-rakyat-dan-jalan-keluar-kemiskinan?page=all

Hikmia, Z. (2025, Juli 20). Adaptasi Siswa Sekolah Rakyat yang sudah Seminggu Tinggal di Asrama, Bangun Subuh Jadi Tantangan Paling Berat. From www.jawapos.com: https://www.jawapos.com/features/016320935/adaptasi-siswa-sekolah-rakyat-yang-sudah-seminggu-tinggal-di-asrama-bangun-subuh-jadi-tantangan-paling-berat

kemensos.go.id. (2025, Mei 17). Sekolah Rakyat Mulai Juli 2025, Siap Lahirkan Generasi Emas. From kemensos.go.id: kemensos.go.id/berita-terkini/wakil-menteri-sosial-1/Sekolah-Rakyat-Mulai-Juli-2025,-Siap-Lahirkan-Generasi-Emas

komdigi.go.id. (2026, Januari 25). [HOAKS] Tautan Pendaftaran Guru Sekolah Rakyat Mengatasnamakan BKN Tahun 2026. From www.komdigi.go.id: https://www.komdigi.go.id/berita/berita-hoaks/detail/hoaks-tautan-pendaftaran-guru-sekolah-rakyat-mengatasnamakan-bkn-tahun-2026

kompas.com. (2025, Juli 15). Respons Positif Sekolah Rakyat, Pengamat Pendidikan: Jembatan Kesuksesan Ekonomi dan Sosial. From kilaskementerian.kompas.com: https://kilaskementerian.kompas.com/komdigi/read/2025/07/15/10232691/respons-positif-sekolah-rakyat-pengamat-pendidikan-jembatan-kesuksesan?utm_source=chatgpt.com

kompas.com. (2025, Juni 14). Sekolah Rakyat Jadi Salah Satu Strategi Putus Mata Rantai Kemiskinan. From nasional.kompas.com: https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2025/06/14/09322841/sekolah-rakyat-jadi-salah-satu-strategi-putus-mata-rantai-kemiskinan#google_vignette

kompas.com. (2025, Juni 10). Sekolah Rakyat Pakai Kurikulum Model Multi Entry-Multi Exit, Apa Itu? From nasional.kompas.com: nasional.kompas.com/read/2025/06/10/07221911/sekolah-rakyat-pakai-kurikulum-model-multi-entry-multi-exit-apa-itu

kompas.com. (2025, Juli 15). Sekolah Rakyat Segera Mulai, Bagaimana Ide Awalnya? From kompas.com: https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2025/07/15/11082521/sekolah-rakyat-segera-mulai-bagaimana-ide-awalnya

kompas.id. (2025, Maret 13). Tepatkah Perbaikan Pendidikan Dilakukan dengan Membangun Sekolah Rakyat? From www.kompas.id: https://www.kompas.id/artikel/tepatkah-perbaikan-pendidikan-dilakukan-dengan-membangun-sekolah-rakyat

kpai.go.id. (2025, Agustus 22). KPAI Dorong Sekolah Rakyat Jadi Ramah Anak dan bebas Stigma. From www.kpai.go.id: https://www.kpai.go.id/publikasi/kpai-dorong-sekolah-rakyat-jadi-ramah-anak-dan-bebas-stigma

Krippendoff, K. (2019). Content Analysis: An introduction to its Methodology (4th ed.). New York: SAGE Publications, Inc.

McCombs, M. (2014). Setting the Agenda: Mass Media and Public Opinion. New York: Polity.

metrotvnews. (2026, Januari 13). Indonesia to Renovate 60,000 Schools in 2026 amid Focus on Sekolah Rakyat. From www.metrotvnews.com: https://www.metrotvnews.com/read/kBVCM6XQ-indonesia-to-renovate-60-000-schools-in-2026-amid-focus-on-sekolah-rakyat

metrotvnews.com. (2026, Januari 20). Sekolah Rakyat Berasrama Gratis, Strategi Perluas Akses Pendidikan Inklusif. From www.metrotvnews.com: https://www.metrotvnews.com/read/NrWC8E9r-sekolah-rakyat-berasrama-gratis-strategi-perluas-akses-pendidikan-inklusif

Midgley, J. (2014). Social Development: Theory and Practice. New York: SAGE Publications Ltd. doi:10.4135/9781446294987

Neuendorf, K. A. (2017). The Content Analysis Guidebook. New York: SAGE Publications, Inc. doi:10.4135/9781071802878

observerid. (2026, Januari 13). President Prabowo: Sekolah Rakyat reflects state commitment to equal opportunity in education. From observerid.com: https://observerid.com/president-prabowo-sekolah-rakyat-reflects-state-commitment-to-equal-opportunity-in-education/

Pradana, M. R., Basir, & Nita, S. (2024). Fenomena Penipuan Online dan Tingkat Literasi Digital Masyarakat Sebagai Wujud Perubahan Sosial. Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research, 4(1), 3143-3155. doi:10.31004/innovative.v4i1.7863

Purwowidhu. (2025, Oktober 12). Sekolah Rakyat: Gebrakan Satu Tahun Pemerintahan Presiden Prabowo Subianto untuk Memutus Rantai Kemiskinan. From mediakeuangan.kemenkeu.go.id: https://mediakeuangan.kemenkeu.go.id/article/show/sekolah-rakyat-gebrakan-satu-tahun-pemerintahan-presiden-prabowo-subianto-untuk-memutus-rantai-kemiskinan

rri.co.id. (2025, Desember 8). Hoaks: Pendaftaran Lowongan Kerja Guru Sekolah Rakyat. From rri.co.id: https://rri.co.id/cek-fakta/2027759/hoaks-pendaftaran-lowongan-kerja-guru-sekolah-rakyat

Sen, A. (2000). Development as Freedom. London: Oxford University Press. From https://global.oup.com/academic/product/development-as-freedom-9780192893307?cc=id&lang=en&

Suharto, E. (2005). Analisis kebijakan publik: Panduan Praktis Mengkaji Masalah dan Kebijakan Sosial. Bandung: Alfabeta.

tempo.co. (2025, Januari 11). Kemensos Berencana Bangun Sekolah Rakyat, Edi Subkhan: Berpotensi Tumpang Tindih Kebijakan. From www.tempo.co: https://www.tempo.co/politik/kemensos-berencana-bangun-sekolah-rakyat-edi-subkhan-berpotensi-tumpang-tindih-kebijakan-1192680

tempo.co. (2025, Maret 28). Sekolah Rakyat Dianggap Rawan Diskriminasi, Begini Tanggapan Menteri Sosial. From www.tempo.co: https://www.tempo.co/politik/sekolah-rakyat-dianggap-rawan-diskriminasi-begini-tanggapan-menteri-sosial-1225201

tempo.co. (2025, Maret 24). Sekolah Rakyat Siap Beroperasi Juli 2025: Berikut Model Sekolah dan Sistem Perekrutan Gurunya. From www.tempo.co: https://www.tempo.co/politik/sekolah-rakyat-siap-beroperasi-juli-2025-berikut-model-sekolah-dan-sistem-perekrutan-gurunya-1223404#google_vignette

tempo.co. (2025, April 15). Sistem Rekrutmen Guru Sekolah Rakyat: Mekanisme hingga Honor. From www.tempo.co: https://www.tempo.co/politik/sistem-rekrutmen-guru-sekolah-rakyat-mekanisme-hingga-honor-1231494#google_vignette

Todaro, M. P., & Smith, S. C. (2022). Economic development (13th ed.). New York: Pearson.

UNDP. (2022, September 08). Human Development Report 2021-22: Uncertain Times, Unsettled Lives: Shaping our Future in a Transforming World. From hdr.undp.org: https://hdr.undp.org/content/human-development-report-2021-22